Oil-burner



E. W. DUNN.

OIL BURNER.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 28. 1917. IIENEWED IAN. 2o, |920.

1,388,45 1 l Patented Aug. 23, 1921.

2 SHEEIS-SHLEI I.

/NVEN T ,4 T TORNEI UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

OIL-BURNER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 23, 1921.

Application led May 28, 1917, Serial No. 171,345. Renewed January 20,1920. Serial No. 352,915.

To all whom t may concern: y

`Be it known that I, EMANUEL W. DUNN, a citizen of the United States,residing in the city and county of Los Angeles, State of California,have made a new and useful invention-to wit, Improvement in Oil'-Burners; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear,concise, and exact description of the same.

Among the objects of my invention are to provide a fuel oil burner ofsimple construction, so combined and arranged that air is forced intothe ses of the flame generated in the combustion chamber to accomplishperfect oxidization; to insure the entire consumption of Icarbon; and toprevent the formation of smoke and other losses due to imperfectcombustion of the fuel oil.

In this specification and the annexed drawing, I illustrate theinvention in the form that I consider to be the best, but it is to beunderstood that I do not limit myself to this form because the inventionmay be embodied in other forms, and it is also to be understood that inand by the claims following the description I desire to cover theinvention in whatever form it may be embodied.

In the accompanying two sheets of drawigure l is a side elevation of aortion of a cook stove-illustrating the a p ication of this invention tothe fire box t ereof.

Fig. 2 is a horizontal sectional view with the burner illustrated inplan view from above the same.

Fig. 3- is a front elevation in cross section illustrating the same. n

Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 3 illustrating a modification in themanner of lntroducing the fuel oil to the burner.

Fig. 5 is a front elevation in cross section illustrating theapplication of the 1nvention to what is commonly known as a gas loxQFig. 6 is a cross section of the same taken on the line 6-6.

Fig. 7 is a modified form of fire box adapted for use in fire potshaving natural draft. Fig. 8 is a cross section in perspective of a firebox having a modified means of introducing forced draft to the burner.

In the various structures and combinations illustrated in the drawlngs,the germinal idea is, application of air to the product of combustion atthat point in the flame where the oxygen will unite with the particlesor atoms of carbon driven off by the heat of combustion in such a mannerthat all of the combustible elements of the fuel will be entirelyconsumed, resulting in a clean, smokeless flame with attendantadvantages.

Referring to Fig. 3, the burner includes the base 1 having the side andend walls 2 and 3, preferably integrally formed of cast iron or in anyother suitable manner, to form an inclosing combustion chamber withinwhich the flame is propagated. Oil is forced into the pipe 4 connectedwith the supply pipe 5, and controlled by the valve 6. The overflow pipe7 is provided to odrain off any surplus accumulation of oil within thecom bustion chamber or base to prevent an over supply of fuelaccumulating therein, the overflow being preserved and returned to thesource of fuel sup ly.

The fuel dropping from the pipe 4: spreads over the base 1, where it maybe ignited by a taper or any other suitable flame. The fuel burning thusgives off a thick, black cloud of smoke, in which the greater roportionof the heat units would be dissipated and lost, if means were notprovided for the promotion of more perfect combustion. In the presentinvention this means consists of -a perforate blast chamber 8, providedwith the perforations 9 through the walls thereof above the baseplate 1. This blast chamber is closed at the outer end by the cap 10andis connected to a supply plpe 11 connected with any suitable type -ofblower (not shown) adapted to supply the necessary volume of air,controlled by the valve 12 in the supply pipe. The blast of air issuingthrough the perforations 9 at relatively high velocity and projectedinto the volume of combustion within the inclosed combustion chambermechanically breaks up and atomizes the flame, causing con'fiicting aircurrents and eddies the agl- `tation ofl which permits the particles ofoxygen to unite with the particles of carbon causing their. completecombustion, resulting in a flame without smoke or res1dual ash, exceptas to those non-combust1ble particles in the fuel, such as sand andthelike.

The oil spreading in a thin film on the base 1 presents a large surfacein the process of combustion, giving off its more volatile constituentswhich rise into and are consumed in the higher zone of flame, while theair directed downwardly from the chamber 8 carries oxygen to the lowerzone of combustion, consuming the heavier constitutents of the fuel. Theair directed downward also tends` to retard the escape of the productsof combustion until the fuel is entirely consumed permitting only thehot gases to rise from the combustion chamber.

The incandescent` gases esca ing from the combustion is less completethan by the method and means herein disclosed.

In the construction illustratedv in' Fig. 3 the fuelpipe 4 is carriedthrough the air pipe 11 into the blast chamber 8. By this constructionthe fuel pipe 4 is kept cold by the inrushing air surrounding itpreventing the absorption of heat by the fuel pi e 4, insuring Athat allthe apparatus outsi e of the stove is kept cold and free from thedisagreeable oder given off by warm fuel oil; also -preventing theformation of carbon or gummy deposits in the fuel pipe 4.

A slight modification of this structure is illustrated in Fig. 4, inwhich the fuel pipe 15 -is introduced through the wall 2 of thecombustion chamber formed by base 1, this being a more convenient meansof installation in some instances, without materially affecting theoperation of the burner as a whole. c

Figs. 5 and 6 illustrate the application of this invention to a gas logheater, in which.

the combustion chamber is semi-cylindrical and provided with theoverflow pipe 17 for carrying away surplus oil as described. The blastchamber 18 is provided with the perforations 19 for jetting the volumeof air supplied to the pipe 20 connected to the blower. l The fuel isintroduced through the pipe 21 carried up into the blast chamber andliberated through the nozzles 22-22, draining back into the combustionchamber as described. The incandescent gases rising from the combustionchamber come into contact with the log 23 provided with the perforations24 emitting blasts of air supplied through the by-pass 25 controlled bythe valve 26 and connected to the main supply pipe 20. The air escapinglfrom the log 23 further oxidizes the products of combustion and createsthe interesting illusion that the log is actually burning.

Fig. 7 illustrates a further modification of the combustion chamberhaving a single wall 42 provided with perforations 43.

-The fuel is introduced through the pipes 44, ythe overflow passing outthrough the pipe 45, the flame being propagated on the base plate 46.The flame rlsing from the base plate 46 creates a suction or aspiratingaction which draws atmospheric air through the perforations 43 for theaeration of the flame. The air blast can be introduced to the combustionchamber through the pipe 47 if desired. This modification isparticularly ada ted-for use in the open air or conned wit in furnacespaces having smoke stack or other induced draft.

Fig. 8 illustrates a fire box having single walls 48 of any desiredshape. The fuel is introduced through the pipe 49, the overflow beingcarried off by the pipe 50, the fuel spreading out over the base plate51, where it is ignited in the usual manner. The air blast is suppliedthrough the pipe 52 terminating in the conical blast chamber suring thecomplete combustion of all fuel spread upon the base plate 51. This formis particularly adaptable where a large volume of diffused heat isrequired.

Attention is directed to the construction carryin out the process ofthis invention in which t e air blast is directed through that member ofthe structure subjected to the greatest heat, whereby the incoming blastof air tends to cool the blast chamber and prevent its burning out.Introduction of fuel through the blast chamber prevents the formation ofcarbon or hard or viscous accumulation within the fuel pipe,particularly at the exit nozzle thereof, insuring a free flowing of thefuel through the nozzle even in the presence. of excessive heat withinthe combustionv chamber.

By this invention the fuel is converted into heat by the natural processof separation of its various elements according to their gravity orvolatility.l The fuel spread in a thin film over the base plate givesofi its more volatile constituents by natural evaporation. These gasesare, easily ignitable vfor the propagation of flame within thecombustion chamber. The heat given off by the burnin gases iscommunicated to 'the thin film o oil driving therefrom the constituentsof a high boiling point, that rise, mingle and ignite in the flame. Thisprocess continues progressively, until under the influence of theintense heat generated in the combustion chamber the heaviestconstituiso vet

ents of the fuel rise and are consumed. The action of the air blastintroduced into the combustion chamber in accordance with this inventionis two-fold. The mechanical action of the jets of air issuing from theblast chamber breaks up and intermingles all of the gases into ahomogenous combustible Whole, retarding their escape from the combustionchamber until every suspended atom in the flame is consumed or convertedinto heat. The oxygen of the air blast promotes the necessary chemicalreactions in the fiame, whereby the Whole fuel is consumed with theexception of a residual ash containing no combustible elements. Thequantity of this ash Will vary with the nature of the fuel. In thebetter grades the combustion is complete, leaving no residual ash.

While the invention has been disclosed and described in connection withthe burning of oil fuels, it is equally applicable in connection withthe combustion of hard fuel, such as coal, Wood, and the like, toproduce more efficient consumption of the fuel With the attendantadvantages of minimizing or entirely preventing the escape of smoke,soot, and disagreeable odors.

Having-thus described this invention, What l claim is:

l. An oil burner comprising la base provided With a combined vaporizingand combustion chamber, a perforated blast chamber above said combustionchamber, means for delivering combustible material into the combinedvaporizing and combustion chamber close to the Wall of the blastchamber, whereby the said combustible material is instantly gasified asit is delivered, and means for delivering air into the blast chamber,the perforations in the blast chamber being ositioned to discharge airinto the zone of) gases Within the combined Vaporizing and combustionchamber.

2. An oil burner combrising a base provided With a combined vaporizingand combustion chamber, a perforated blast chamber above said combustionchamber, a fuel feed pipe having its discharge end close to the blastchamber, whereby the fuel is instantly gasied as it is delivered, andmeans for delivering air into the blast chamber, the perforations in theblast chamber being position to discharge air into the zone of gasesWithin the combined vaporizing and combustion chamber.

3. An oil burner comprising a base provided With a combined vaporizingand combustion chamber, a perforated blast chamber above said combustionchamber, means for delivering combustible material into the combinedvaporizing and combustion chamber close to the Wall of the blastchamber, whereby the said combustible material is instantly gasied as itis delivered, means for delivering air into the blast chamber,

the perforations in the blast chamber being positioned to discharge airinto the zone of gases Within the combined vaporizing and combustionchamber, and a fuel overflow pipe leading from said combined combustionand vaporizing chamber.

4f. An oil burner comprising a base provided With a combined va-porizingand combustion chamber, a separate blast chamber supported by said baseabove the combined vaporizing and combustion chamber and provided Withperforations, means for delivering combustible material into thecombined vaporizing and combustion chamber close to the Wall of theblast chamber, Whereby the said combustible material is instantlygasified as it is delivered, and means for delivering air into the blastchamber, the perforations in the blast chamber being positioned todischarge air into the zone of gases within thecombined vaporizing andcombustion chamber.

5. An oil burner comprising a base provided vvith a combined vaporizingand combustion chamber, a perforated blast chamber above said combustionchamber, a fuel supply pipe having a portion thereof extended throughthe blast chamber and having its discharge end outside of the blastchamber and close to the Wall thereof, whereby the fuel is instantlygasified as it is delivered, and means for delivering air into the blastchamber, the perforations in the blast chambe-r being positioned todischarge air into the zone of gases Within the combined vaporizing andcombustion chamber.

6. An oil burner comprising a base pro vided with a combined vaporizingand combusion chamber, a perforated blast chamber above said combustionchamber, means for delivering combustible material into the combinedvaporizing and combustion chamber close to the Wall of the blastchamber, Whereby the said combustible material is instantly gasified asit is delivered, means for delivering air into the blast chamber, theperforations in the blast chamber being positioned to discharge air intothe Zone of gases Within the combined vaporizing and combustionchalmber, and a radiation member so positioned that .the flames andgases emanating from the blast chamber Will impinge thereagainst.

7. An oil burner comprising a base provided With a cumbustion chamber,means for delivering fuel thereinto, a perforated blast chamber", and aperforated radiation mem.- ber located above said blast chamber sopositioned that the ames and gases emanating from said. blast chamberWill impinge the-reagainst, and. means for introducing air into saidperforated member.

8. An oil burner comprising a base provided With an elongated combinedvaporizing and combustion chamber, a tubular perforated blast chambersupported above the longitudinal median line of the Vaporizing andcombustion chamber and rallel therewith, means for delivering comustible material into the combined vaporizing and combustion chamberclose to the wall of the blast chamber, whereby the said combustiblematerial is instantly gasified as it is de liVered, and means fordelivering air into the blast chzvmber, the perforations in the blastchamber being positioned to discharge air into the zone of gases withinthe combined vaporizing and combustion chamber.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto Set my this 10th day 0f May, 1917.

EMANUEL W. DUNN. In presence of- BALDWIN VALE,

A. J. HENRY.

hand, at San Francisco, California, 15

